Publications

Direct links to select peer-reviewed journal articles regarding ceragenins can be found below:

  1. Ceragenins are active against drug-resistant Candida auris clinical isolates in planktonic and biofilm forms. Marjan M. Hashemi, John Rovig, Brett S. Holden, Maddison F. Taylor, Scott Weber, John Wilson, Brian Hilton, Aaron L. Zaugg, Samuel W. Ellis, Connor D. Yost, Patrick M. Finnegan, Charles K. Kistler, Elizabeth L. Berkow, Shenglou Deng, Shawn R. Lockhart, Marnie Peterson and Paul B. Savage (2018).
  2. Preclinical testing of a broad-spectrum antimicrobial endotracheal tube coated with an innate immune synthetic mimic. Marjan M. Hashemi, John Rovig, Jordan Bateman, Brett S. Holden, Tomasz Modelzelewski, Iliana Gueorguieva, Martin von Dyck, Ronald Bracken, Carl Genberg, Shenglou Deng and Paul B. Savage (2017).
  3. Candidacidal Activity of Selected Ceragenins and Human Cathelicidin LL-37 in Experimental Settings Mimicking Infection Sites. Bonita Durnaś, Urszula Wnorowska, Katarzyna Pogoda, Piotr Deptuła, Marzena Wątek, Ewelina Piktel, Stanisław Głuszek, Xiaobo Gu, Paul B. Savage, Katarzyna Niemirowicz, Robert Bucki (2016).
  4. Bactericidal Activity of Ceragenin CSA-13 in Cell Culture and in an Animal Model of Peritoneal Infection. Robert Bucki, Katarzyna Niemirowicz, Urszula Wnorowska, Fitzroy J. Byfield, Ewelina Piktel, Marzena Watek, Paul A. Janmey, Paul B. Savage (2015).
  5. CSA-131, a ceragenin active against colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. Xavier Vila-Farrés, Anna Elena Callarisa, Xiaobo Gu, Paul B. Savage, Ernest Giralt, Jordi Vila (2015).
  6. Bactericidal Activities of Cathelicidin LL-37 and Select Cationic Lipids against the Hypervirulent Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain LESB58. Urszula Wnorowska, Katarzyna Niemirowicz, Melissa Myint, Scott L. Diamond, Marta Wróblewska, Paul B. Savage, Paul A. Janmey, Robert Bucki (2015).
  7. Local Delivery of the Cationic Steroid Antibiotic CSA-90 Enables Osseous Union in a Rat Open Fracture Model of Staphylococcus aureus Infection.  Aaron Schindeler, PhD, Nicole Y.C. Yu, PhD, Tegan L. Cheng, BE/BMedSci, Kate Sullivan, PhD, Kathy Mikulec, Lauren Peacock, Ross Matthews, BVSc, Dip Vet Clin Path, and David G. Little, FRACS(Orth), PhD (2015).
  8. Ceragenins – a new weapon to fight multi-drug resistant bacteria.
    Urszula Surel, Katarzyna Niemirowicz, Michal Marzec, Paul B. Savage, Robert Bucki (2014).
  9. In Vitro Bactericidal and Bacteriolytic Activity of Ceragenin CSA-13 against Planktonic Cultures and Biofilms of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Other Pathogenic Streptococci. Miriam Moscoso, María Esteban-Torres, Margarita Menéndez, Ernesto García (2014).
  10. Optimization of Ceragenins for Prevention of Bacterial Colonization of Hydrogel Contact Lenses. Xiaobo Gu, Jacob D. Jennings, Jason Snarr, Vinod Chaudhary, Jacob E. Pollard, and Paul B. Savage (2013).
  11. Study of the effect of antimicrobial peptide mimic, CSA-13, on an established biofilm formed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.  Carole Nagant, Betsey Pitts, Philip S. Stewart, Yanshu Feng, Paul B. Savage & Jean-Paul Dehaye (2013).
  12. In vivo efficacy of a silicone‒cationic steroid antimicrobial coating to prevent implant-related infection.  Dustin L. Williams, Bryan S. Haymond, James P. Beck, Paul B. Savage, Vinod Chaudhary, Richard T. Epperson, Brooke Kawaguchi, Roy D. Bloebaum (2012).
  13. Effect of a low concentration of a cationic steroid antibiotic (CSA-13) on the formation of a biofilm by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. C. Nagant, Y. Feng, B. Lucas, K. Braeckmans, P. Savage, J.P. Dehaye (2011).
  14. Ceragenins: A Class of Antiviral Compounds to Treat Orthopox Infections.  Michael D. Howell, Joanne E. Streib, Byung Eui Kim, Leighann J. Lesley, Annegret P. Dunlap, Dianliang Geng, Yanshu Feng, Paul B. Savage and Donald Y.M. Leung (2009).
  15. Antimicrobial Activities of Ceragenins against Clinical Isolates of Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Judy N. Chin, Michael J. Rybak, Chrissy M. Cheung, and Paul B. Savage (2007).

Ceragenins are Highly Effective Against Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens:

  1. Bactericidal Activity of Ceragenin in Combination with Ceftazidime, Levofloxacin, Co-Trimoxazole, and Colistin against the Opportunistic Pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Paprocka P, Mańkowska A, Skłodowski K, Król G, Wollny T, Lesiak A, Głuszek K, Savage PB, Durnaś B, Bucki R (2022).

  2. Ceragenins and Antimicrobial Peptides Kill Bacteria through Distinct Mechanisms. Mitchell G, Silvis MR, Talkington KC, Budzik JM, Dodd CE, Paluba JM, Oki EA, Trotta KL, Licht DJ, Jimenez-Morales D, Chou S, Savage PB, Gross CA, Marletta MA, Cox JS (2022).

  3. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of ceragenins against Achromobacter species isolated from cystic fibrosis patients. Damar-Çelik D, Mataracı-Kara E, Savage PB, Özbek-Çelik B (2020).

  4. NDM-1 Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae are Highly Susceptible to Ceragenins CSA-13, CSA-44, and CSA-131. Chmielewska SJ, Skłodowski K, Piktel E, Suprewicz Ł, Fiedoruk K, Daniluk T, Wolak P, Savage PB, Bucki R (2020).

  5. New β-Lactam Antibiotics and Ceragenins – A Study to Assess Their Potential in Treatment of Infections Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Paprocka P, Durnaś B, Mańkowska A, Skłodowski K, Król G, Zakrzewska M, Czarnowski M, Kot P, Fortunka K, Góźdź S, Savage PB, Bucki R (2021).

  6. Candidacidal Activity of Selected Ceragenins and Human Cathelicidin LL-37 in Experimental Settings Mimicking Infection Sites. Durnaś B, Wnorowska U, Pogoda K, Deptuła P, Wątek M, Piktel E, Głuszek S, Gu X, Savage PB, Niemirowicz K, Bucki R (2016).

  7. Synergistic Activity of Ceragenins Against Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Strains in Both Checkerboard and Dynamic Time-Kill Assays. Bozkurt-Guzel C, Inci G, Oyardi O, Savage PB (2020).

  8. Proteomic Analysis of Resistance of Gram-Negative Bacteria to Chlorhexidine and Impacts on Susceptibility to Colistin, Antimicrobial Peptides, and Ceragenins. Hashemi MM, Holden BS, Coburn J, Taylor MF, Weber S, Hilton B, Zaugg AL, McEwan C, Carson R, Andersen JL, Price JC, Deng S, Savage PB (2019).

  9. Susceptibility of Colistin-Resistant, Gram-Negative Bacteria to Antimicrobial Peptides and Ceragenins. Hashemi MM, Rovig J, Weber S, Hilton B, Forouzan MM, Savage PB (2017).

  10. Preclinical testing of a broad-spectrum antimicrobial endotracheal tube coated with an innate immune synthetic mimic. Hashemi MM, Rovig J, Bateman J, Holden BS, Modelzelewski T, Gueorguieva I, von Dyck M, Bracken R, Genberg C, Deng S, Savage PB (2018).

  11. Bactericidal activities of cathelicidin LL-37 and select cationic lipids against the hypervirulent Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain LESB58. Wnorowska U, Niemirowicz K, Myint M, Diamond SL, Wróblewska M, Savage PB, Janmey PA, Bucki R (2015).

  12. Comparative In Vitro Activities of First and Second-Generation Ceragenins Alone and in Combination with Antibiotics Against Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains. Ozbek-Celik B, Damar-Celik D, Mataraci-Kara E, Bozkurt-Guzel C, Savage PB (2019).

  13. In Vitro Activities of the Cationic Steroid Antibiotics CSA-13, CSA-131, CSA-138, CSA-142, and CSA-192 Against Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bozkurt Güzel Ç, Avci NM, Savage P (2020).

  14. CSA-131, a ceragenin active against colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. Xavier Vila-Farrés, Anna Elena Callarisa, Xiaobo Gu, Paul B. Savage, Ernest Giralt, Jordi Vila. (2015).

  15. Ceragenins are active against drug-resistant Candida auris clinical isolates in planktonic and biofilm forms. Marjan M Hashemi, John Rovig, Brett S Holden, Maddison F Taylor, Scott Weber, John Wilson, Brian Hilton, Aaron L Zaugg, Samuel W Ellis, Connor D Yost, Patrick M Finnegan, Charles K Kistler, Elizabeth L Berkow, Shenglou Deng, Shawn R Lockhart, Marnie Peterson, Paul B Savage (2018).
  16. Endotracheal tubes coated with a broad-spectrum antibacterial ceragenin reduce bacterial biofilm in an in vitro bench top model. María Consuelo Latorre, María Jesús Pérez-Granda, Paul B Savage, Beatriz Alonso, Pablo Martín-Rabadán, Rafael Samaniego, Emilio Bouza, Patricia Muñoz, María Guembe (2021).

Direct links to select articles relevant to the ceragenin technology and N8 Medical’s products under development can be found below:

  1. AMR: a major European and Global challenge.  European Commission (2016).
  2. The interconnection between biofilm formation and horizontal gene transfer. Jonas Stenløkke Madsen, Mette Burmølle, Lars Hestbjerg Hansen, Søren Johannes Sørensen (2012).
  3. Electron microscopic analysis of biofilm on endotracheal tubes removed from intubated neonates.  Karen B. Zur, MD, David L. Mandell, MD, Ronald E. Gordon, PHD, Ian Holzman, MD, and Michael A. Rothschild, MD (2004).
  4. Biofilms and device-associated infections. Rodney M. Donlan (2001).

Policy Documents

  1. Financial Conflict of Interest (FCOI) Policy Document